The Islamic State previously called
the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant or Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is
an unrecognized state and a Sunni jihadist group active in Iraq and Syria in
the Middle East in its self—proclaimed status as caliphate.
It claims spiritual authority
over all the Muslims across world and bring most Muslim—inhabited regions of world
under political control beginning with the territory in Levant region which
includes Palestine, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon,
Jordan, and portion of southern Turkey.
The group described by United
Nations as terrorist group and designated a foreign terrorist organization by United
States, Indonesia, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Australia, and Canada. The
United Nations and Amnesty International accused the group of grave human
rights abuses.
The ISIS group grew significantly
under the leadership of Abu Bakr al—Baghdadi, gaining support in Iraq as a
result of economic and political discrimination against Iraqi Sunnis. Then,
after entering Syrian Civil War, the group established large presence in Syrian
governorates of Ar-Raqqah, Idlib, Deir ez-Zor and Aleppo.
June 2014, it had 4,000 fighters
in its ranks in Iraq. It claimed responsibility for attacks on government and
military targets that have killed thousand civilians. 2014, Syrian Observatory
for Human Rights claimed that number of fighters in the group increased to
50,000 in Syria and 30,000 in Iraq, while CIA estimated in September 2014 that
in both countries it had 20,000 and 31,500 fighters.
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